The circular economy model emphasizes regenerative systems where resource input, waste, and emissions are minimized through recycling, reuse, and sustainable design. It challenges the traditional linear economy by advocating for closed-loop systems in production and consumption. Key principles include product-as-a-service models, waste valorization, modular manufacturing, and material recovery. Sectors like electronics, packaging, textiles, and construction are leading circular initiatives, supported by digital platforms for traceability and lifecycle assessment. The shift toward circularity is crucial for sustainable development and long-term economic resilience.
