CO₂ conversion technologies transform greenhouse gases into valuable fuels, chemicals, and materials through thermochemical, electrochemical, photochemical, biochemical, and plasma-based processes. These methods produce methanol, formic acid, ethanol, and polymers, enabling integration into energy, agriculture, and construction sectors. Companies and research institutions worldwide are developing scalable solutions using renewable energy and green hydrogen inputs. Technology Readiness Levels indicate high maturity in thermochemical and electrochemical methods, with emerging progress in photochemical and reactive capture techniques. This field supports decarbonization and aligns with circular carbon economy strategies.
