Self-healing materials are engineered to automatically repair damage without external intervention, mimicking biological regeneration. These materials use mechanisms such as microcapsule rupture, dynamic covalent bonding, or reversible supramolecular interactions to restore structural integrity. Applications span coatings, composites, electronics, aerospace, and automotive industries, where durability and longevity are critical. Innovations include thermoplastic elastomers, conductive polymers, and concrete with embedded healing agents. These materials reduce maintenance costs, extend product life cycles, and enhance safety in critical systems, contributing to sustainable design and performance efficiency.
